EIFEL -- I walked under the Eiffel tower this summer, thinking it looked out of place in Paris. I also learned that nothing like the Eiffel Tower had ever been built. It was twice as high as the dome of St. Peter's in Rome or the Great Pyramid of Giza. It's three times as high as the spire of Dublin, In contrast to such older monuments, Eiffel's tower was raised in a matter of months, with a small labor force, at slight cost.the creation and the creator.
After graduation from the College of Art and Manufacturing in 1855, Eiffel began to specialize in metal construction, especially bridges. He directed the erection of an iron bridge at Bordeaux in 1858, followed by several others. In 1867 he designed the lofty, arched Gallery of Machines for that year's Paris Exhibition, and in 1877 he bridged the Douro River at Oporto, Portugal, with a 525-foot steel arch, which he followed with an even greater arch of the same type, the 540-foot span Garabit viaduct over the Truyère River in southern France, for many years the highest bridge in the world, 400 feet over the stream.
In 1884, Eiffel designed the wrought-iron pylon inside Frederic Bartholdi's Statue Of Liberty in New York Harbor and the next year began work on the cupola of the Nice observatory. He later became interested in aerodynamics and wrote "The Resistance of the Air" (1913).
The Eiffel Tower was an immense tower of exposed latticework supports made of iron built to celebrate the science and engineering achievements of its age. The 984-foot structure consists of two visibly distinct parts, a base composed of a platform resting on four separate supports (called pylons or bents) and, above this, a slender tower created as the bents taper upward, rising above a second platform to merge in a unified column.
The curve of the base pylons was precisely calculated so that the bending and shearing forces of the wind were progressively transformed into forces of compression, which the bents could withstand more effectively. The superskyscrapers erected since 1960 are constructed in much the same way. [NewsScan to Go]
|
|