Disenchanted has an interesting article on falsehoods we're being taught are truths.
I always wondered about the belief that binocular vision is what allows us to have a good depth perception. This looks like nothing more than a myth to me. Our brain has a lot of other inputs to rely on, far better than "measuring" the parallax between what each eye sees. For example, the strain on the eye muscles required to focus on an item is an indication to its distance when it's close; the item's motion on the background of farther items helps; the item's apparent size is a good indication when we can estimate its actual size, which explains why you can quite easily estimate the distance to a tree on a mountain when other methods are completely useless.
Here's a simple experiment you can try if you have two working eyes: Close one of them now, make a ball of paper, and try to throw it into your paper basket. Was it harder to hit than when doing the same thing with two eyes open? It isn't for me.
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