I. Knowledge Organization:

Knowledge organization includes (in alphabetical order) the following areas of study:  Bibliography, Cataloging, Classification, Controlled Vocabularies, Databases, Indexing, Metadata, Natural Language Processing, Ontologies.

Metadata & Vocabularies

Note: IRLS 401/501 students - The course is roughly divided into Metadata and Vocabularies. Metadata includes bibliography and cataloging. Vocabularies includes classification and indexing. The library processes of cataloging & classification (descriptive, subject, authority control) and standards for both library cataloging and indexing & abstracting are included here and in sections that follow. The emergence of digital libraries is highlighted.

IRLS 695E students - this course is roughly divided into Information Architecture (IA) and Thesauri; the 401/501 pre-requisite was waived in Spring 2003 only. 401/501 is a pre-requisite for this course.  

Digital Libraries

1. DLESE, Digital Library for Earth Systems Education. URL: http://www.dlese.org/
2. NSDL, National Science Digital Library.  URL: http://nsdl.org
3. GEM, Gateway to Educational Materials. URL: http://www.geminfo.org/"
4. EdNA Online: Education Network Australia. URL: http://www.edna.edu.au/
5. Alexandria Digital Library. URL: http://webclient.alexandria.ucsb.edu/
6. Perseus Digital Library. URL: http://www.perseus.org/
7. Artemis Digital Library. URL: http://artemis.goknow.com/artemis/index.adp - Make sure you choose Guest Login.
8. KidsWeb. URL: http://www.npac.syr.edu/textbook/kidsweb/

Bibliographic Utilities

Note: IRLS 401/501 - Select ONE to explore and become familiar with

1. OCLC: http://www.oclc.org/home/
   Browse/Learn how to use the OCLC MARC documentation: http://www.oclc.org/oclc/bib/toc.htm.
2. RLG: http://www.rlg.org/rmrdi/
   Browse/learn how to use the RLIN MARC Record

Specific Cataloging Services

Note: IRLS 401/501 - Depending on what you selected above, PICK the appropriate, matching service below to explore and become familiar with.

1. OCLC Connexion http://connexion.oclc.org/
2. RLIN: You MUST Download RLIN Terminal to use RLIN. RLIN Cataloging: http://www.rlg.org/ric/riccat.html

Metadata Standards

Note: IRLS 410/501 students - MARC (encoding) + AACR2r (content) are mandatory standards for your 401/501 study simply because the text covers them. Select a second standard from the Specialized Metadata Standards section and based on your format or area of interest.

It is important to know that while we use the term "standards" some of these are not yet national or international standards; some are being developed by user communities and are in the standards process (trying to become standards), while others are true NISO/ISO standards or are accepted as de facto standards. Most others are frameworks that DL use.

• Standards for Describing Information Packages (a.k.a IBOs and Information Resources)
  1. ISBD - Covers only ISBD(G) - http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/isbdg.htm - is incorporated into AACR2R.
  2. MARC21 - http://www.loc.gov/marc/
• Specialized Metadata Standards (some of these are not just limited to digital resources):
  Many of these can be thought of as "new" content standards (actually frameworks) because they have emerged in response to the need for more metadata in digital resources and by specialized and technical communities.
  1. Digital Geo-spatial Materials: FGDC's CSDGM
  2. Digital Learning Objects: IEEE-LOM
  3. Digital Visual Resources: CDWA
  4. Digital Archives: EAD
  5. Government Information (GILS)- http://www.gils.net/index.html (this is being phased out now)
  6. Electronic Resources, Computer Files (anything now including books) - Dublin Core is now a NISO standard Z39.85
  7. Humanities Texts (TEI) - http://www.tei-c.org/
  8. Multimedia, Audio, Video, Music Materials: MPEG-7 http://builder.cnet.com/webbuilding/0-7534-8-4613796-3.html is described in this project - http://www.surfnet.nl/innovatie/surfworks/doc/mmmetadata/; MPEG-21 (Multi-media Framework) is the latest work as per ISO available here - http://www.darmstadt.gmd.de/mobile/MPEG7/Mpeg21.html
  9. CIMI Spectrum for the museum community, museum objects metadata, - http://www.cimi.org/wg/xml_spectrum/index.html

Other Standards

• Standards for Identification
  1. International Standard Numbering System: International Standard Book Number, International Standard Music Number, International Standard Recording Code - http://www.isbn.org/
  2. ISSN - http://www.issn.org/
  3. ISRN - http://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/fiz/service/isrn.html
  4. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) - http://www.doi.org/
• Standards for Constructing Thesauri
  1. Z39.19 - Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Thesauri (National Information Standards, Ansi/Niso Z39.19-1993)
     Can get Full-Text of this standard from NISO (see below)
• Standards for Retrieval
  1. Z39.50 - http://www.loc.gov/z3950/
     "Z39.50" refers to the International Standard, ISO 23950: "Information Retrieval (Z39.50): Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification", and to ANSI/NISO Z39.50. The Library of Congress is the Maintenance Agency and Registration Authority for both standards, which are technically identical (though with minor editorial differences).
• Standards Organizations:
  1. NISO - http://www.niso.org/ -
     Can get full-text of Z39.19, Z39.50, and Z39.85 at website (see index of standards for complete list of standards)
  2. W3C - http://www.w3c.org/ - Good source for standards such as HTML, XML, RDF, and new web-related standards because of Tim Berners-Lee's vision of the next generation of the web, called the Semantic Web
  3. ISO - http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/ISOOnline.openerpage - good source of all international standards.

Classification

Note: IRLS 401/501 students - Advanced readings below; IRLS 695E - these provides excerpts from notable writers on this subject such as Aristotle, Ranganathan, Lakoff, Foucoult. Classification is the basis of all systematic study - living and non-living things.   

Ranganathan's Prolegomena - provides nice definitions and principles of library classification. URL: http://www.miskatonic.org/library/prolegomena.html 

Classical Theory of Classification - Aristotle's Categories - http://www.classicallibrary.org/aristotle/categories/

Perspectives on Classification and Categorization from other disciplines - http://www.uwm.edu/People/wash/category.htm (excerpts from Lakoff and Foucalt)

Classification of Living Things - http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/default.htm - this tutorial provides an excellent introduction to Linnaean classification & taxonomy. 

Olson, Hope. Classification: The West and the Rest? SIRLS Colloquium Presentation Fall 2002. Abstract: Bias in classification is a long-recognized problem. Changes to the content of classification schemes have been suggested, and sometimes adopted, to diminish that bias. The research described in this presentation goes one step further to explore whether the actual structure of classification also contributes to its bias. A pilot study suggested that three characteristics of classificatory structure may be culturally specific: mutually exclusive categories, teleology in the sense of linear progression towards a goal, and hierarchy. To test and further explore these tentative findings, representative texts prominent in western (Greek/European-derived) culture have been digitized and encoded to track these three themes and related trends. This presentation will sample some of the preliminary results. The focus will be on Aristotle, the French Encyclopedists, and Emile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss Primitive Classification. In addition, it will look to the next phase of the project: a critique informed by postcolonial critical theory revealing the cultural specificity of the three themes in the context of Taoist feng shui and Indigenous cultures. Ideally, identifying cultural differences can lead to ideas for classificatory structures that might bridge cultures or at least serve them more appropriately. Related References: The Cultural Construction of Classification, URL: http://www.ualberta.ca/~holson/construct.html. This presentation is long and available in video format only as Part 1 and Part 2 RealPlayer video files.

Reviews/Summaries - Summary of Faceted Classification - http://www.kmconnection.com/DOC100100.htm ; Review of a book, Sorting things out: Classification and its consequences, http://www.library.ucsb.edu/istl/00-winter/review2.html

Library Classification Schemes

Note: IRLS 401/501 students - Select ONE to become familiar with; Familiarity with DDC is mandatory. IRLS 695E students - background information about library classification schemes which aim to represent all human knowledge.

1. Library of Congress Classification Scheme - URL: http://classweb.loc.gov/ - Login Required
   Use Library of Congress Classification (LCCN) Outline - URL: http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco/lcco.html
2. Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) - URL: http://www.oclc.org/oclc/fp/about/ddc_21_summaries.htm
3. Universal Decimal Classification - URL: http://www.udcc.org/
4. National Library of Medicine (NLM) Classification - URL: http://wwwcf.nlm.nih.gov/class/

Vocabulary Control (Controlled Vocabularies)

Note: IRLS 401/501 students - Select a subject of your choice and PICK ONE appropriate tool to become familiar with; Familiarity with LCSH is mandatory. IRLS 695E students - this lists a variety of thesauri, subject heading lists, gazeteers, taxonomies, which are all types of controlled vocabularies.  

1. Library of Congress Subject Headings - (general subjects) - Access on your own through your local library or through workarounds on the Authority Files described below which are via CatExpress, DRA, or LC Catalog.
2. Sears List of Subject Headings - (children's subjects) - Access on your own through your local library or through workarounds in CatExpress (subject headings used in MARC when from Sears are coded differently - see MARC Bibliographic Subject 6xx (below) for details).
3. Thesaurus of Graphic Materials (TGM) - Access on your own http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/print/tgm1/ and through workarounds in CatExpress (subject headings from the TGM when used in MARC bibliographic records are coded differently - see MARC Bibliographic Subject 6xx (below) for details)
4. Art & Architecture Thesaurus - (art & architecture subjects) - http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/
   Note: Getty's Vocabulary Control Program includes maintenance of three vocabularies: The AAT above, ULAN (Union List of Artist Names), and TGN (Thesaurus of Geographic Names).
5. Medical Subject Headings - (medical subjects) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html - MARC Bibliographic records can also use and indicate MeSH records in 6xx; see MARC Authority Format for details.
6. ERIC Thesaurus - (educational subjects) - http://www.ericfacility.net/extra/pub/thessearch.cfm
   Note: ERIC database is located here: http://www.askeric.org/
7. GeoREF Thesaurus - (geography subjects) - Access through UA Sabio at http://www.library.arizona.edu/indexes/links/georef.shtml - once inside use the Thesaurus link to search for example, the term Aquifers
8. GEONet Names Server - (foreign place names) - http://164.214.2.59/gns/html/index.html
9. Bibligraphic databases for other subjects: for example, INSPEC (has a Thesaurus for physics, astronomy subjects), Library Literature (does it have a thesaurus or just a controlled vocabulary?), GeoRef (has a thesaurus).
10. ASIS Thesaurus for Information Science (fully online) - http://www.asis.org/Publications/Thesaurus/isframe.htm
11. ASCE (Civil Engineering) Keyword List to the Civil Engineering Database - http://www.pubs.asce.org/subjlst.html
12. Controlled Vocabularies. URL: http://sky.fit.qut.e du.au/~middletm//cont_voc.html
13.  A-Z of Thesauri. URL: http://hilt.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/Sources/thesauri.html  

Authority Control (traditional - in libraries)

Note: IRLS 401/501 students: Authority Control is for the advanced learner. IRLS 695E students - these are authority files for the library catalog, not for bibliographic databases (such as IS&TA) but, the concept of controlled vocabularies is the same. 

1. LC Authorities: http://authorities.loc.gov
2. MARC 21 Authority Format: http://www.loc.gov/marc/authority/ecadhome.html
3. Name Authority File and Subject Authority File (SAF has the authority records for the Library of Congress Subject Headings; NAF has the names established by LC and other catalogers for personal, corporate names, uniform titles, conferences, etc.)
4. MARC Bibliographic Subject 6xx tags indicate source from where heading (if LCSH, TGM, or other) was derived - http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/lite/elbdsubj.html ; see MARC Code Lists for terms to see a complete list of sources from where headings can come - http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/relators/re0006su.html
   Note: Three ways to search these files for this class: 1) CatExpress Authority; DRA (details below); and LC Catalog (on your own).
   DRA (a library automation system vendor) provides the LC Authority files for free searching on the web. The DRA LC Authority Search is located at http://lcmarc.dra.com/LCAUTH
   • Use this catalog's examples of Subject Authority records by following this subject search hyperlink: http://lcmarc.dra.com/db/LCAUTH/subject.html - Use subject headings such as gender studies, art in america, automobiles and study the structure of the records retrieved.
   • Use this catalog also to search for authority records of names as titles. Try the title search Lecture Notes and then try Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
   • Use author search with the example, NATO.
5. Library of Congress Catalog - http://catalog.loc.gov/
   Use Subject search

Ontologies, Lexical Databases

Note: IRLS 401/501 students; IRLS 695E students - ontologies and lexical databases are another type of vocabulary control, note item 5 which is an article that discusses similarities and differences between thesauri and ontologies. 

1. What is an ontology? http://www.semanticweb.org/knowmarkup.html
2. Stanford KSL Network Servers - http://www-ksl-svc.stanford.edu:5915/
   Register to use and read about Ontolingua ontology
3. SHOE - Semantic Search - SHOE Search Engine
   Must have IE, allow applets, and have good network connections
4. WordNet - http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ - an electronic lexical database (natural language processing).
5. Similarities and Differences between thesauri and ontologies: Read this paper, http://www.fao.org/agris/aos/Documents/BackgroundAOS.html

Professional Links to People, Associations, Listservs, Etc. in the Field of Knowledge Organization

1. Arlene G. Taylor's Homepage - http://www.pitt.edu/~agtaylor/index.html
2. Music Library Association - http://www.musiclibraryassoc.org/
3. Society of American Archivists - http://www.archivists.org/
4. American Library Assciation Association for Library Collections & Technical Services, ALA ALCTS - http://www.ala.org/alcts/; ALCTS Committees are important: http://www.ala.org/alcts/organization/index.html
5. International Federation of Library Associations & Institutions, IFLA - http://www.ifla.org/; IFLA Acitivities & Services are important: http://www.ifla.org/act-serv.htm, specifically, UBCIM, and IFLA publications.
6. jESSE Listserv - http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html
7. AutoCat Listserv - international discussion forum for issues related to cataloging and authority control - http://listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu/archives/autocat.html

Information Architecture

Note: IRLS 695E students (Spring 2003) - Resources listed here are mostly from the text, Information Architecture for the World Wide Web. However, rather than list all the resources in the book, I have selected some.

1. Warner, Amy. The IA-LIS Connection. SIRLS Colloquium, University of Arizona, Tucson, 22 March 2002. Abstract: This SIRLS Colloquium (Spring 2002) presentation examines how the field of Library and Information Science has contributed to the new applied area of information architecture. The basic concepts and methods of librarianship and information science are examined and their applications to the effective design of web sites and corporate intranets. The focus of the LIS profession on user service and effective organization of large and small collections makes them ideal partners with other developers and designers in the web design process. Numerous examples will be provided along with an explanation of how LIS professionals can become part of this exciting new field. This is available in several formats: Microsoft Powerpoint slides; Realplayer streaming video available here; MPEG video files available here; RealPlayer and MBase Players needed for these video downloads
2. The IAWiki. a collaborative discussion space for IA. http://www.iawiki.net/IAwiki - a wiki is a 'group knowledge/content management' tool since everybody can edit documents and thereby grow knowledge/contribute to knowledge growth. Try this one. It also provides a good introduction to Controlled Vocabularies.
3. Argus Center for Information Architecture - http://argus-acia.com/ - the first company in the area of IA which unfortunately closed in 2001 (in the famed dotcom bust) and hence they say site is no longer manitained. But Peter Morvile and Louis Rosenfeld (our text quthors) seem to continue to maintain it. Excellent set of resources.
4. Usable Web - http://www.usableweb.com/ Usability engineering resources. This website by Keith Instone provides access to more than 1400 resources in this area. 
5. AlertBox - Jakob Nielsen is the foremost usability expert and this is his weekly column, http://www.useit.com/
6. Andrew Dillon on IA - Dillon is the Dean of the LIS school at UT-Austin (our current SIRLS director Dr. Sheldon was former dean at UT-A). This is his column in the ASIS&T Bulletin. http://www.asis.org/Bulletin.

Thesaurus Construction

Note: IRLS 695E students - this course focuses on IA and thesauri. 

1. NISO Standard Guidelines for the Construction, Format and Management of Monolingual thesauri. Download PDF format from URL: http://www.niso.org/standards/index.html
2. Publications on thesaurus construction and use. URL: http://www.willpower.demon.co.uk/thesbibl.htm
3. Tim Craven's Introductory Tutorial on Thesaurus Construction. URL: http://instruct.uwo.ca/gplis/677/thesaur/main00.htm
4. Peter Morville's Building a Synonymous Search Index, URL: http://www.webreview.com/1998/10_30/developers/10_30_98_1.shtml and How do you build a thesaurus? URL: http://www.webreview.com/1998/10_30/developers/10_30_98_2.shtml and his Synonymous Search Index

Thesaurus Construction Software

Note: IRLS 695E students

SIRLS does not as yet support any of the commercial software currently available for creating thesauri. However, here are some pointers:

1. Tim Craven lists some freeware; download and check out TheW32 (OS: Windows 95/98 only) URL: http://publish.uwo.ca/~craven/freeware.htm
2. Multi-Tes - We now have a site license which means you should be able to get this at no cost for use during this course (courtesy of Garry Forger (01/22/03), stay tuned for details). URL: http://www.multites.com/

II. Scholarly Communication

Note: IRLS 589 students - I have tried to list here all the additional resources that may help in your study. SC includes: Bibliometrics, Electronic Resources, Grey Literature, Indexing & Abstracting databases, Informetrics, Intellectual Property, Publishing, Open Access, Patents, and Webmetrics.  Two other areas are also relevant:  Commons and Indigenous Knowlege (we have traditionally not considered folk knowledge and indigenous knowledge as SC but this is being re-visited).  The idea of the 'commons' is best described by Hardin in the Tragedy of the Commons. The idea to take away from the article is that some problems (and SC has many of these) have no technical solutions - instead they require "a fundamental extension in morality."

Browse the Scholarly Electronic Publishing Bibliography, URL: http://info.lib.uh.edu/sepb/sepb.html (good SC bibliography)

Glossary from ISI, URL: http://www.isinet.com/isi/search/glossary/ (this is one of the best places to look for definitions of terms in the area of bibliometrics)

Garfield's library at Penn - http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu (lots of articles and resources about and by scientific citation indexing originator Eugene Garfield)

Vaidhyanathan, S. The Future of Fair Use and the Corruption of Copyright. SIRLS Colloquium Presentation. Fall 2002.  Abstract: This talk traces the history of the development of fair use as a legal construct, and compares that legal evolution with the ways fair use works among communities of users. Considers the ways that efforts to install a new "technocopyright" significantly alters the concept of fair use in practical terms. Argues that users must make clear and compelling claims that fair use should remain strong and flexible, and that it should emerge as a positive penumbra of rights instead of a narrow set of defenses to accusations of infringement. Related References: A recent article by Dr. Vaidyanathan in The Chronicle of Higher Education, URL: http://chronicle.com/free/ v48/i47/47b00701.htm & his testimony at a Public Rulemaking Hearing, URL: http://www.loc.gov/copyright/1201/hearings/siva.pdf.
Microsoft Powerpoint slides of Dr. Vaidhyanathan's talk are available here; an Adobe version of the presentation may be downloaded from here; Loren Ito Hardenbergh (SIRLS student) shared a summary of the talk which is available here; Realplayer video files are here. 

Bibliographic Management Software:

All three products below are owned by Thompson/ISI ResearchSoft (ISI Indexes producer)

• EndNote - http://www.endnote.com
• Pro-Cite - http://www.procite.com
• Reference Manager - http://www.refman.com 

Bibliographic Databases (LIS Discipline-oriented Indexing & Abstracting Services):

• LISA (Library & Information Science Abstracts) - http://www.library.arizona.edu/indexes/links/lisa.shtml
• Library Literature - http://www.library.arizona.edu/indexes/links/libraryliterature.shtml
• Information Science & Technology Abstracts - UA does not have subscription; access directly, http://trial.epnet.com

Bibliometrics (& social science data sets):

Citation Indexes:

Collections, Libraries, Archives, Repositories:

Eprints Archives:

E-prints ;

Harnad E-Print Archive ;

Open Archives:

my.OAI ;

Open Citation project ;

Open Archives Initiative ;

Intellectual Property:

Take a crash course in Intellectual Property and then understand UA's intellectual property guidelines

Other resources: USPTO | TEAS | Trademark class | TESS

LIS journals copyright policies (work in progress was begun by SIRLS studet Bill Hornbaker and DLIST IP Intern) - http://dlist.sir.arizona.edu/pubs/bill/DFinal.html (follow the links in Section 4:  Copyright Agreements of LIS Journals).

Issues in Scholarly Communication:

Keep Up with News & Movements to free scholarship, build open access intellectual commons, etc.

Open Content

Philosophy Scholar Peter Suber's Free Online Scholarship - http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/ (Suber, Peter. How the Internet is Transforming Scholarly Research & Publication).  Peter recommends that you start with his blog, http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/fosblog.html - this is certainly more fun to consider the role of blogs in SC.

Millionaire George Soros funded Budapest Open Archives Initiatives - http://www.soros.org/openaccess/

Stanford Law Professor Lawence Lessig's Creative Commons  - http://www.creativecommons.org

Australian Librarian Guy Aron's Eprint Blog - http://eprintblog.crimsonblog.com/

WebMetrics:

Miscellaneous:

III. LIS - General Purpose References and Tools

Note: In this section I have tried to point you to a few resources on the WWW that may be useful to build your mental map of information and knowledge organization activities and LIS.

Learn the Net - http://www.learnthenet.com/english/ - is another good source for developing web skills; it's available in other languages besides English (Spanish, French, Italian). Test your Net IQ by taking their quiz, http://www.learnthenet.com/english/quiz/01quiz.htm