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	Wednesday, 9 October 2002

"Modern man thinks he loses something -- time -- when he does not do things quickly; yet he does not know what to do with the time he gains -- except kill it." Erich Fromm (The Art of Loving, 1956) [Rick@Leaders.net: Quotes] 11:58:00 PM

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Japanese Masters Get Closer to the Toilet Nirvana. Toilets in Japan are far more than mere hygienic necessities: new models test biological samples, provide climate control and even soundtracks. By James Brooke. And yes, the Japanese are unlike the rest of the wold. [New York Times: International] 10:22:20 AM

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Nobel Prize in Physics. The Nobel Prize in Physics was announced a few minutes ago as going to experimentalists for the detection of cosmic neutrinos and the discovery of cosmic x-ray sources. Ray Davis and Masatoshi Koshiba  share half the prize for their neutrino studies and Riccardo Giacconi wins the other half for the x-ray work. Details at the official Nobel site Some background reading: Physics Today, August 98, Kamiokande oscillation results Physics Today, August 01, early SNO results Physics Today, July 02, later SNO results Scientific American, Jan 97, RXTE Physics Today, May 00, x-ray background Physics Today, Nov 00, Chandra results Scientific American, May 90, Bahcall, solar nu problem Scientific American, Aug 99, Kamiokande oscillation results Physics Today, July 96, SNO The articles from Physics Today will be available online at some time during the day at http://www.aip.org/pt/ Some relevant websites: SNO website: http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/ US-Kamiokande: http://www.phys.washington.edu/~superk/ Beamline, Winter 99: http://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/beamline/pdf/99iii.pdf Early ref to neutrino oscillation: http://www.aip.org/physnews/preview/1998/neutrino/text.htm long-baseline oscillation experiments: http://www.hep.anl.gov/ndk/longbnews/ AIP Photo Archive: https://raptor.aip.org/OA_HTML/aipCCtpSctDspRte.jsp?section=10005 Ray Davis history: http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/history/neutrino.html Swedish Academy: http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/2002/phyreading.html Physics Today articles: http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-55/iss-10/nobel.html APS journal articles: http://www.aps.org/media/ Chandra X-Ray Telescope: http://chandra.harvard.edu/ Kamiokande: http://www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/index.html Associated Universities Inc.: http://www.aui.edu/ Ray Davis: The scientist and the man: http://www.sns.ias.edu/~jnb/Papers/Popular/RayDavis/paper.pdf Photographs of Ray Davis: http://www.sns.ias.edu/~jnb/Papers/Popular/JohnRaypictures/johnraypictures.html Other awards to the Laureates: Raymond Davis, 1988 winner of the Tom W. Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics: http://www.aps.org/praw/bonner/index.html Raymond Davis, 1992 winner of the W. K. H. Panofsky Prize in Experimental Particle Physics: http://www.aps.org/praw/panofsky/index.html Masatoshi Koshiba, 2002 winner of the W. K. H. Panofsky Prize in Experimental Particle Physics: http://www.aps.org/praw/panofsky/02winner.html Original research papers: --Raymond Davis, Jr-- The first two back-to-back papers showing that neutrinos from the sun should be detectable. Solar Neutrinos I: Theoretical John N. Bahcall Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 300[^]302 (16 March 1964) http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v12/p300 Solar Neutrinos II: Experimental Raymond Davis, Jr. Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 303[^]305 (16 March 1964) http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v12/p303 The first experimental results Search for Neutrinos from the Sun Raymond Davis, Jr., Don S. Harmer, and Kenneth C. Hoffman Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 1205[^]1209 (20 May 1968) http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v20/p1205 --Masatoshi Koshiba-- The next generation of neutrino detection experiments Observation of 8B solar neutrinos in the Kamiokande-II detector K. S. Hirata, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 16[^]19 (3 July 1989) http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v63/p16 --Neutrino review papers-- A review of solar neutrino experiments and theory Solar neutrino experiments: results and implications Till A. Kirsten Reviews of Modern Physics, 71, 1213-1232 (July 1999) http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v71/p1213 A brief history of neutrino physics Neutrino physics L. Wolfenstein Reviews of Modern Physics, 71, S140-S144 (March 1999) http://link.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v71/pS140 --Riccardo Giacconi-- Evidence for x Rays From Sources Outside the Solar System Riccardo Giacconi, Herbert Gursky, and Frank R. Paolini Phys. Rev. Lett. 9, 439[^]443 (1 December, 1962) http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v9/p439   [David Harris: Science news] 10:11:08 AM

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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston was announced in Stockholm this morning. The winners were recognised for their work in understanding how genes play a role in determining how organs develop and removing old cells so as to keep organs just the right size. Although their initial work was all done in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, they went on to show that equivalent genes exist in other species, including humans. More details at the official Nobel site [David Harris: Science news] 10:05:23 AM

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